Poverty and Inequality

This section supplements the poverty and inequality section in recommended readings and focuses on readings relevant to gender and poverty/inequality

Gornick, J., & Boeri, N. (2016). Gender and Poverty. In D.  Brady & L.  Burton, The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 June 2021. http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.11. [Book Chapter]

Kabeer, N. (2015). Gender, poverty, and inequality: a brief history of feminist contributions in the field of international development. Gender & Development, 23(2), 189-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2015.1062300 [Journal Article]

UN Women (n.d.). United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. (2018). Turning Promises into Action: Gender Equality in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. http://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/sdg-report. [Report]

Dasgupta, I. (2001). Gender-Biased Redistribution and Intra-household Distribution. European Economic Review, 45(9), 1711–1722. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(00)00064-7 [Journal Article]

Findlay, J., & Wright, R. (1996). Gender, Poverty and the Intra-household Distribution of Resources. Review of Income and Wealth, 42(3), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00186.x [Journal Article]

Haddad, L., & Kanbur, R. (1990). How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-Household Inequality? The Economic Journal, 100(402), 866–881. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A331624&dswid=5954 [Journal Article]

Jenkins, S. (1991). Poverty Measurement and the Within-Household Distribution: Agenda for Action. Journal of Social Politics, 20(4), 457–483. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400019760 [Journal Article]

Kanbur, R., & Haddad, L. (1994). Are Better Off Households More Unequal or Less Unequal? Oxford Economic Papers, 46(3), 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a042140 [Journal Article]

Lazear, E., & Michael, R. (1988). Allocation of Income Within the Household. The University Press. [Book]

Lundberg, S., & Pollack, R. (1993). Separate Spheres Bargaining and the Marriage Market. Journal of Political Economy, 101(6), 988–1010. https://doi.org/10.1086/261912 [Journal Article]

Manser, M., & Brown, M. (1980). Marriage and Household Decision-Making: a Bargaining Analysis. International Economic Review, 21(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/2526238 [Journal Article]

Mcelroy, M. B., & Horney, M. J. (1981). Nash-bargained Household Decisions: Toward a Generalization of the Theory of Demand. International Economic Review, 22(2), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.2307/2526280 [Journal Article]

Pollak, R. (1984). For Better or Worse: The Roles of Power in Models of Distribution within Marriage. American Economic Review 84(2), 148-152.  https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117819?seq=1 [Journal Article]

Fukuda Parr, S. (1999). What Does Feminization of Poverty Mean? It Isn’t Just Lack of Income. Feminist Economics, 5(2), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/135457099337996 [Journal Article]

Pressman, S. (2002). Explaining the Gender Poverty Gap in Developed and Transitional Economies. Journal of Economic Issues, 36(1), 17–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2002.11506441 [Journal Article]

Quisumbing, A., Haddad, L., & Pena, C. (2001). Are Women Overrepresented among the Poor? An Analysis of Poverty in 10 Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics, 66(1), 225–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00152-3 [Journal Article]

Chant, S. H. (2007). Gender, generation and poverty: Exploring the “feminisation of poverty” in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Edward Elgar. [Monograph Book]   (Note: Introduction available to download free at https://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781843769927.00007.xml)

Fuwa, N. (2000). The Poverty and Heterogeneity among Female-Headed Households Revisited: The Case of Panama. World Development, 28(8), 1515–1542. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00036-X [Journal Article]

O’ Donnell, M. (2019) How Significant Is Household Headship? Agnes Quisumbing and Dominique van de Walle on the CGD Podcast, Center For Global Development (cgdev.org) https://www.cgdev.org/blog/how-significant-household-headship-agnes-quisumbing-and-dominique-van-de-walle-cgd-podcast [Blog/podcast]

Klasen, S., & Lahoti, R. (2020). How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-Household Inequality in Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality Analyses? Evidence from India. Review of Income and Wealth, https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12491 [Journal Article]

Munoz Boudet, A., Buitrago, P., De La Briere, B., Newhouse, D., Rubiano Matulevich, E., Scott, K., & Suarez-Becerra, P. (2018). Gender Differences in Poverty and Household Composition through the Life-Cycle: A Global Perspective. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 8360). Retrieved 12 June 2021. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29426. [Working Paper]

Time poverty refers to the fact that some individuals spend so much time in paid and/or unpaid work that they do not have time for rest or leisure. Gender roles and the higher burden of care and unpaid work that women bear make them at greater risk to face time poverty. Refer readings on care and unpaid work for readings related to time use data.

 

Bardasi, E., & Wodon, Q. (2006). Measuring time poverty and analyzing its determinants: concepts and application to Guinea. Gender, time use, and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa, 73, 75-95.

Ringhofer, L. (2015). Time, labour, and the household: measuring “time poverty” through a gender lens. Development In Practice, 25(3), 321-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2015.1016867 [Journal Article]

Williams, J., Masuda, Y., & Tallis, H. (2015). A Measure Whose Time has Come: Formalizing Time Poverty. Social Indicators Research, 128(1), 265-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1029-z  [Journal Article].

 

Bigsten, A., Kebede, B., Shimeles, A., & Taddesse, M. (2003). Growth and poverty reduction in Ethiopa: Evidence from household panel surveys. World Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00175-4

Datt, G., & Ravallion, M. (2002). Is India’s economic growth leaving the poor behind? In Journal of Economic Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533002760278730

Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth is good for the poor. Journal of Economic Growth. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020139631000

Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (2003). Measuring pro-poor growth. Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(02)00205-7

Ravallion, M., & Datt, G. (2002). Why has economic growth been more pro-poor in some states of India than others? Journal of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00018-4

Son, H. H. (2007). Interrelationship between growth, inequality, and poverty: The Asian experience. ERD Working Paper Series.

Ali, A. A. G. (1996). Dealing with Poverty and Income Distribution Issues in Developing Countries: Cross Regional Experiences.

Amiel, Y., & Cowell, F. (1997). The Measurement of Poverty: An Experimental Questionnaire Investigation. Empirical Economics, 22(4), 571–588.

Anand, S. (1977). Aspects of Poverty in Malaysia. Review of Income and Wealth, 23, 1–17.

Araar, A., & Duclos, J. Y. (2009). DAD: A software for poverty and distributive analysis. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement. https://doi.org/10.3233/JEM-2009-0315

Asselin, L.-M., & Dauphin, A. (1999). Poverty Measurement: A Conceptual Framework. MIMAP Formation.

Atkinson, A. (1993). Capabilities, Exclusion, and the Supply of Goods (Issue WSP/97).

Atkinson, A. (1987). On the Measurement of Poverty. Econometrica, 55(4), 244–263.

Atkinson, A. (1995). Comparing Poverty Rates Internationally: Recent Studies in OECD Countries. In Atkinson, Anthony B.; Incomes and the welfare state: Essays on Britain and Europe. Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1995; 78 94. Previously published: 1991.

Atkinson, A. (1990). Comparing Poverty Rates Internationally: Lessons From Recent Studies in OECD Countries (Issue 53).

Atkinson, A., & Al. (n.d.). Comparing Poverty in France and the United Kingdom.

Atkinson, A., & Bourguignon, F. (2000). Handbook of income distribution. Volume 1. Elsevier Science, North-Holland.

Atkinson, A., Cantillon, B., Marlier, E., & Nolan, B. (2002). Social Indicators -- The EU and Social Inclusion. Oxford University Press.

Barrington, L. (1997). Estimating Earnings Poverty in 1939: A Comparison of Orshansky-Method and Price-Indexed Definitions of Poverty. Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(3), 406–414.

Basu, K. (1985). Poverty measurement: A decomposition of the normalization axiom. Econometrica, 53, 1439–1443.

Basu, K., & Foster, J. (1998). On Measuring Literacy. Economic Journal, 108, 1733–1749.

Bishop, J., Formby, J., & Zeager, L. (1996). The Impact of Food Stamps on US Poverty in the 1980s: A Marginal Dominance Analysis. Economica, 63(250), S141-62.

Blackburn, M. (1998). The Sensitivity of International Poverty Comparisons. Review of Income and Wealth, 44(4), 449–472.

Blackorby, C., & Donaldson, D. (1980). Ethical Indices for the Measurement of Poverty. Econometrica, 48(4), 1053–1062.

Cantillon, S., & Nolan, B. (2001). Poverty within Households: Measuring Gender Differences Using Nonmonetary Indicators. Feminist Economics, 7(1), 5–23.

Carvalho, S., & White, H. (1997). Combining the Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Poverty Measurement and Analysis (Issue 366).

Chakravarty, S. (1983). A New Index of Poverty. Mathematical Social Sciences, 6, 307–313.

Chakravarty, S. (1997). Shorrocks’ Reinvestigation of the Sen Poverty Index. Econometrica, 65, 1241–1242.

Chakravarty, S. (1983). Ethically Flexible Measures of Poverty. Canadian Journal of Economics, XVI(1), 74–85.

Chakravarty, S. R. (1997). On Shorrock’s Reinvestigation of the Sen Poverty Index. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/2171888

Chaudhuri, S., & Ravallion, M. (1994). How well do static indicators identify the chronically poor? Journal of Public Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)90031-0

Chien, S., & Ravallion, M. (2001). How did the world’s poorest fare in the 1990s? Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00018

Clark, S., Hemming, R., & Ulph, D. (1981). On Indices for the Measurement of Poverty. The Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/2232600

Coulombe, H., & McKay, A. (2009). La mesure de la pauvreté : vue d’ensemble et méthodologie avec illustration dans le cas du Ghana. L’Actualité Économique. https://doi.org/10.7202/602269ar

Coulombe, H., & McKay, A. (1996). Modeling determinants of poverty in Mauritania. World Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(96)00017-4

Datt, G., & Ravallion, M. (1992). Growth and redistribution components of changes in poverty measures. A decomposition with applications to Brazil and India in the 1980s. Journal of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(92)90001-P

Davies, H., Joshi, H., & Clarke, L. (1997). Is it cash that the deprived are short of? Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-985X.00048

Deaton, A. (2001). Counting the World’s Poor: Problems and Possible Solutions. The World Bank Research Observer. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/16.2.125

Deaton, A. (2019). The Analysis of Household Surveys (Reissue Edition with a New Preface): A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy. In The Analysis of Household Surveys (Reissue Edition with a New Preface): A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1331-3

 

Deininger, K., & Squire, L. (1998). New ways of looking at old issues: Inequality and growth. Journal of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00099-6

Desai, M. (1988). The Economics of Famine (Vol. 2, pp. 70–101). https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/elgeebook/1354.htm

Desai, M. (1989). Rice and fish. Asymmetric preferences and entitlement failures in food growing economics with non-food producers. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(89)90001-3

Desai, M., & Shah, A. (1988). An econometric approach to the measurement of poverty. Oxford Economic Papers. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041868

Duclos, J. Y., & Grégoire, P. (2002). Absolute and relative deprivation and the measurement of poverty. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00064

Fereira, F., & Litchfield, J. (1996). Growing Apart: Inequality and Poverty Trends in Brazil in the 1980s (Issue 23).

Fields, G. S. (2000). The Dynamics Of Poverty, Inequality and Economic Well-being: African Economic Growth in Comparative Perspective. Journal of African Economies. https://doi.org/10.1093/jafeco/9.supplement_1.45

Fisher, G. M. (1992). The development and history of the poverty thresholds. Social Security Bulletin.

Foster, J. E. (1998). Absolute versus Relative Poverty. In American Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/116944

Foster, J. E., & Shorrocks, A. F. (1991). Subgroup Consistent Poverty Indices. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938224

Foster, J. E., & Foster, B. J. E. (1989). What is poverty and who are the poor? Redefinition for the United States in the 1990’s - Absolute versus Relative Poverty. The American Economic Review.

Foster, J., Greer, J., & Thorbecke, E. (1984). A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913475

Goldsmith, W. W., Blakely, E. J., & Clinton, B. (2010). Separate societies: Poverty and inequality in U.S. cities. In Separate Societies: Poverty and Inequality in U.S. Cities. https://doi.org/10.2307/2074506

Greer, J., & Thorbecke, E. (1986). A methodology for measuring food poverty applied to Kenya. Journal of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(86)90144-6

Grootaert, C., & Kanbur, R. (1995). The Lucky Few Amidst Economic Decline: Distributional Change in Cote d’ivoire as Seen Through Panel Data Sets 1985–88. The Journal of Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389508422380

Gustafsson, B., & Nivorozhkina, L. (1996). Relative poverty in two egalitarian societies: A comparison between Taganrog, Russia during the Soviet era and Sweden. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00185.x

Hagenaars, A. (1987). A Class of Poverty Indices. International Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2526568

Hagenaars, A. J. M., & van Praag, B. M. S. (1985). A SYNTHESIS OF POVERTY LINE DEFINITIONS. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1985.tb00504.x

Hagenaars, A., & de Vos, K. (1988). The Definition and Measurement of Poverty. The Journal of Human Resources. https://doi.org/10.2307/145776

Hill, C. J., & Michael, R. T. (2001). Measuring poverty in the NLSY97. Journal of Human Resources. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069640

Hojman, D. E. (1994). An inquiry into well-being and destitution. International Affairs. https://doi.org/10.2307/2624595

Iceland, J., Short, K., Garner, T. I., & Johnson, D. (2001). Are children worse off? Evaluating well-being using a new (and improved) measure of poverty. Journal of Human Resources. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069665

Janvry, A. de, & Sadoulet, E. (2000). GROWTH, POVERTY, AND INEQUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA: A CAUSAL ANALYSIS, 1970-94. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00843.x

Jean, N., Burke, M., Xie, M., Davis, W. M., Lobell, D. B., & Ermon, S. (n.d.). Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty. Retrieved May 25, 2020, from http://science.sciencemag.org/

Jenkins, S. P., & Lambert, P. J. (1997). Three ’I’s of poverty curves, with an analysis of UK poverty trends. Oxford Economic Papers. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a028611

Johnson, H. (2001). Voices of the poor. Can anyone hear us? Journal of International Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.793

Jorgenson, D. W. (1998). Did We Lose the War on Poverty? Journal of Economic Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.12.1.79

Kakwani, N. (1980). On a Class of Poverty Measures. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/1911106

Kundu, A., & Smith, T. E. (1983). An Impossibility Theorem on Poverty Indices. International Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2648756

Kurien, C. T., & Sen, A. (1983). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Social Scientist. https://doi.org/10.2307/3517051

Lipton, M., & Ravallion, M. (2008). Poverty and Policy. Poverty and Human Resources. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203890677

Madden, D. (2000). Relative or absolute poverty lines: A new approach. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00954.x

Milanovic, B. (2002). True world income distribution, 1988 and 1993: First calculation based on household surveys alone. Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.0j673

Milanovic, B., World Bank. Office of the Vice President Development Economics., & World Bank. Country Economics Department. (1990). Poverty in Poland, Hungary, and Yugoslavia in the years of crisis, 1978-87. In Policy, research, and external affairs working papers : World development report ; WPS 507.

Morduch, J. (1998). Poverty, economic growth, and average exit time. Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(98)00070-6

Myles, J., & Picot, G. (2000). Poverty indices and policy analysis. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00953.x

Orshansky, M. (1988). Counting the poor: another look at the poverty profile. 1965. Social Security Bulletin.

Osberg, L., & Xu, K. (1999). Poverty intensity: How well do Canadian provinces compare? Canadian Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.2307/3551887

Osberg, L. (2000). Poverty in Canada and the United States: Measurement, trends, and implications. Canadian Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/0008-4085.00045

Osberg, L., & Kuan, X. (2000). International comparisons of poverty intensity: Index decomposition and bootstrap inference. Journal of Human Resources. https://doi.org/10.2307/146356

Pattanaik, P. K., & Sengupta, M. (1995). AN ALTERNATIVE AXIOMATIZATION OF SEN’S POVERTY MEASURE. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00094.x

Pendakur, K. (2001). Consumption poverty in Canada, 1969 to 1998. Canadian Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.2307/3552193

Pradhan, M., & Ravallion, M. (2000). Measuring poverty using qualitative perceptions of consumption adequacy. Review of Economics and Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465300558821

Price, L. L., & Rowntree, B. S. (1902). Poverty: A Study of Town Life. The Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/2957025

Ravallion, M. (2001). Growth, inequality and poverty: Looking beyond averages. World Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00072-9

Ravallion, M. (1998). Poverty lines in theory and practice. World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-4226-6

Ravallion, M. (1996). Issues in Measuring and Modelling Poverty. The Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/2235525

Ravallion, M., & Bidani, B. (1994). How robust is a poverty profile? World Bank Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/8.1.75

Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (1997). What can new survey data tell us about recent changes in distribution and poverty? World Bank Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/11.2.357

Ravallion, M., & Huppi, M. (1991). Measuring changes in poverty: A methodological case study of Indonesia during an adjustment period. World Bank Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/5.1.57

Renwick, T. J., & Bergmann, B. R. (1993). A Budget-Based Definition of Poverty: With an Application to Single-Parent Families. The Journal of Human Resources. https://doi.org/10.2307/146086

Río Otero, C., & Ruiz-Castillo Ucelay, J. (2001). TIPs for poverty analysis: The case of Spain, 1980-1981 to 1990-1991. Investigaciones Económicas.

Rodgers, J. R., & Rodgers, J. L. (2000). Poverty intensity in Australia. Australian Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.00151

Seaman, J. (1991). Hunger and public action. International Affairs. https://doi.org/10.2307/2620875

Sen, A. (1976). Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912718

Sen, A. (1983). Poor, relatively speaking. Oxford Economic Papers. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041587

Shorrocks, A. F. (1995). Revisiting the Sen Poverty Index. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/2171728

Shorrocks, A., & Townsend, P. (1980). Poverty in the United Kingdom. A Survey of Household Resources and Standards of Living. The Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/2231776

Singer, H. W. (1982). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. International Affairs. https://doi.org/10.2307/2618003

Slesnick, D. T. (1993). Gaining ground: poverty in the postwar United States. Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1086/261864

Stanovnik, T. (1992). Perception of poverty and income satisfaction. An empirical analysis of Slovene households. Journal of Economic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(92)90052-9

Sugden, R., & Sen, A. (1986). Commodities and Capabilities. The Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/2232999

Takayama, N. (1979). Poverty, Income Inequality, and Their Measures: Professor Sen’s Axiomatic Approach Reconsidered. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/1910420

Thon, D. (1979). ON MEASURING POVERTY. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1979.tb00117.x

Thon, D. (1983). A Note on a Troublesome Axiom for Poverty Indices. The Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/2232174

Tsui, K. Y. (1996). Growth-equity decomposition of a change in poverty: An axiomatic approach. Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(95)00771-7

Van den Bosch, K., Callan, T., Estivill, J., Hausman, P., Jeandidier, B., Muffels, R., & Yfantopoulos, J. (1993). A comparison of poverty in seven European countries and regions using subjective and relative measures. Journal of Population Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00163069

Vos, K. de, & Garner, T. I. (1991). AN EVALUATION OF SUBJECTIVE POVERTY DEFINITIONS: COMPARING RESULTS FROM THE U.S. AND THE NETHERLANDS. Review of Income and Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00371.x

Watts, H. W. (1968). An Economic Definition of Poverty. On Understanding Poverty.

Wodon, Q. T. (1997). Food energy intake and cost of basic needs: Measuring poverty in Bangladesh. Journal of Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389708422512

World Bank. (2001). World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty. Oxford University Press.

World Bank - March 2021 PovcalNet Update : What’s New (English)

Xu, K., & Osberg, L. (2002). The social welfare implications, decomposability, and geometry of the Sen family of poverty indices. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne D`Economique. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5982.00124

Yitzhaki, S. (2002). Do we need a separate poverty measurement? European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(01)00069-6

Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2013). More Than a Dozen Alternative Ways of Spelling Gini. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4720-7_2

Zheng, B. (2000). Minimum Distribution-Sensitivity, Poverty Aversion, and Poverty Orderings. Journal of Economic Theory. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeth.2000.2687

Zheng, B. (2002). Aggregate Poverty Measures. Journal of Economic Surveys. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6419.00028

Zheng, B. (1993). An axiomatic characterization of the Watts poverty index. Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(93)90177-E

Zheng, B. (1994). Can a Poverty Index be Both Relative and Absolute? Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/2951756

Zheng, B., Cushing, B. J., & Chow, V. K. (1995). Statistical Tests of Changes in U. S. Poverty, 1975 to 1990. Southern Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/1060686

Anand, S., & Sen, A. K. (1997). Concepts of Human Development and Poverty: A Multidimensional Perspective. 

Atkinson, A. B. (2003). Multidimensional Deprivation: Contrasting Social Welfare and Counting Approaches. Journal of Economic Inequality, 1, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023903525276

Atkinson, A. B., & Bourguignon, F. (1982). The Comparison of Multidimensional Distributions of Economic Status. Review of Economic Studies, 49, 183–201. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297269

Atkinson, A. B., & Bourguignon, F. (1987). Income Distribution and Differences in Needs. In G. R. Feiwel (Ed.), Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic Policy. Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07357-3_13

Bourguignon, F. (1989). Family Size and Social Utility: Income Distribution Dominance Criteria. Journal of Econometrics, 42, 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(89)90076-6

Bourguignon, F., & Chakravarty, S. (1999). A Family of Multidimensional Poverty Measures. In S. D. (Ed.), Advances in Econometrics, Income Distribution and Methodology of Science. Physica-Verlag, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93641-8_17

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