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Entrepreneurship and financial inclusion
Recommended readings on entrepreneurship and financial inclusion.
If you would like to cite this page, we suggest the following formulation: The Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) Recommended Readings: Entrepreneurship and Financial Inclusion Page.
Also available in a Google Doc
General
Gender
About
This section on Entrepreneurship and Financial Inclusion is further subdivided into sub-sections around key issues. The readings in the general section include overview articles and reports that provide useful introductory reading. Data sources highlight the nature of the gender gap in entrepreneurship. Key debates in the entrepreneurship literature include the gender gap in entrepreneurship – is it due to characteristics or discrimination? What role do personality differences play? Are women discriminated against in access to capital and credit? How do gender roles determine women’s decision to be entrepreneurs and how does it affect enterprise performance? What role can policy play?
Data Sources and Key Reports
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Reference |
Link |
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Bosma, N. and Kelly, D. (2018). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2018/19. Global Report and Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. [Report] |
https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-2018-2019-global-report |
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Development Cooperation Ireland and ILO (2006) Women’s Entrepreneurship Development: Capacity Development Guide. [Report] |
http://www.ilo.int/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_ent/documents/publication/wcms_116179.pdf |
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Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute and the Dell Women’s Entrepreneur Network. (2014.) The Gender Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI) Full Report of Findings 2014. [Report] |
http://i.dell.com/sites/doccontent/corporate/ |
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OECD (2012). Closing the Gender Gap: Act Now. OECD Publishing, Paris. [Report] |
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OECD (2020). Gender Equality: Gender equality in entrepreneurship. OECD Social and Welfare Statistics (database). Retrieved on 01 July 2020. [Database] |
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World Bank (2021).Women Business and the Law Data for 1971–2020. World Bank Data Catalog. (2020). Retrieved 6 June 2021. [Database] |
Gender Gaps in Entrepreneurship: Performance
Gender Gap Analyses: Characteristics and Unexplained Gaps
Alesina, A., Lotti, F., & Mistrulli, P. (2013). Do Women Pay More for Credit? Evidence from Italy. Journal Of The European Economic Association, 11, 45-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-4774.2012.01100.x [Journal Article]
Borjas, G., & Bronars, S. (1989). Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment. Journal of Political Economy, 97(3), 581-605. https://doi.org/10.1086/261617 [Journal Article]
Bönte, W., & Piegeler, M. (2012). Gender gap in latent and nascent entrepreneurship: driven by competitiveness. Small Business Economics, 41(4), 961-987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9459-3 [Journal Article]
Caliendo, M., Fossen, F., & Kritikos, A. (2007). Risk attitudes of nascent entrepreneurs–new evidence from an experimentally validated survey. Small Business Economics, 32(2), 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-007-9078-6 [Journal Article]
Caliendo, M., Fossen, F., Kritikos, A., & Wetter, M. (2014). The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: Not just a Matter of Personality. Cesifo Economic Studies, 61(1), 202-238. https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ifu023 [Journal Article]
Campa, P., Casarico, A., & Profeta, P. (2009). Gender Culture and Gender Gap in Employment. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1499654 [Journal Article]
Georgellis, Y., & Wall, H. (2005). Gender differences in self‐employment. International Review of Applied Economics, 19(3), 321-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692170500119854 [Journal Article]
Guzman, J., & Kacperczyk, A. (2018). Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3282574 [Journal Article]
Koellinger, P., Minniti, M., & Schade, C. (2011). Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Propensity. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 75(2), 213-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00689.x [Journal Article]
Verheul, I., Thurik, R., Grilo, I., & van der Zwan, P. (2012). Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 325-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 [Journal Article]
Wagner, J. (2006). What a Difference a Y makes-Female and Male Nascent Entrepreneurs in Germany. Small Business Economics, 28(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-0259-x [Journal Article]
Gender Differences in Enterprises: Capital and Credit
Aristei, D., & Gallo, M. (2016). Does gender matter for firms' access to credit? Evidence from international data. Finance Research Letters, 18, 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2016.04.002 [Journal Article]
Brixiova, Zuzana & Kangoye, Thierry, 2016. Start-Up Capital and Women's Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Swaziland (IZA Discussion Papers 10279) Institute of Labor Economics (IZA). [Working Paper]
Fiala, N. (2018). Returns to microcredit, cash grants and training for male and female microentrepreneurs in Uganda. World Development, 105, 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.027 [Journal Article]
Galli E., Rossi S.P.S. (2016) Bank Credit Access and Gender Discrimination: Some Stylized Facts. In Rossi S., Malavasi R. (Eds.), Financial Crisis, Bank Behaviour and Credit Crunch. Contributions to Economics. Springer, Cham. [Book Chapter]
Giglio, F. (2020). Access to Credit and Women Entrepreneurs: A Systematic Literature Review. European Research Studies Journal, 23(4), 312-335. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1686 [Journal Article]
Mascia, D. and S.P.S. Rossi (2017) Is there a gender effect on the cost of banking? Journal of Financial Stability 31, 136-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2017.07.002. [Journal Article]
Moro, A., Wisniewski, T., & Mantovani, G. (2017). Does a manager's gender matter when accessing credit? Evidence from European data. Journal of Banking & Finance, 80, 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.04.009 [Journal Article]
Muravyev, A., Talavera, O., & Schäfer, D. (2009). Entrepreneurs' gender and financial constraints: Evidence from international data. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37(2), 270-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2008.12.001 [Journal Article]
Reboul, E., Guérin, I., & Nordman, C. J. (2021). The gender of debt and credit: Insights from rural Tamil Nadu. World Development, 142, 105363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105363 [Journal Article]
Robb, A., & Coleman, S. (2009). The Impact of Financial Capital on Business Performance: A Comparison of Women- and Men-Owned Firms. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1400742 [Journal Article]
Rosti, L., & Chelli, F. (2005). Gender Discrimination, Entrepreneurial Talent and Self-Employment. Small Business Economics, 24(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-003-3804-5 [Journal Article]
Verheul and Thurik (2001) Start-up capital: Does gender matter? (2001). Small Business Economics 16(4):329-45 [Journal Article]
Gender, Intrahousehold Dynamics and Enterprises
de Mel, S., McKenzie, D., & Woodruff, C. (2008). Returns to Capital in Microenterprises: Evidence from a Field Experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(4), 1329-1372. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.4.1329 [Journal Article]
de Mel, S., McKenzie, D., & Woodruff, C. (2009). Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(3), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.1 [Journal Article]
Berge, Lars Ivar Oppendal, and Armando Jose Garcia Pires. (2015). Gender, Social Norms, and Entrepreneurship (Arbeidsnotat Working Paper 05/15). [Working Paper]
Bernhardt, A., Field, E., Pande, R., & Rigol, N. (2019). Household Matters: Revisiting the Returns to Capital among Female Microentrepreneurs. American Economic Review: Insights, 1(2), 141-160. https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180444 [Journal Article]
Emran, M., Morshed, A., & Stiglitz, J. (2007). Microfinance and Missing Markets. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1001309 [Journal Article]
Gender Roles and Social Norms
Babbitt, L., Brown, D., & Mazaheri, N. (2015). Gender, Entrepreneurship, and the Formal–Informal Dilemma: Evidence from Indonesia. World Development, 72, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.02.019 [Journal Article]
Baughn, C., Chua, B., & Neupert, K. (2006). The Normative Context for Women's Participation in Entrepreneruship: A Multicountry Study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 687-708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00142.x [Journal Article]
Budig, M. (2006). Intersections on the Road to Self-Employment: Gender, Family and Occupational Class. Social Forces, 84(4), 2223-2239. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0082 [Journal Article]
Delecourt, S., & Fitzpatrick, A. (2021). Childcare Matters: Female Business Owners and the Baby-Profit Gap. Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.3976 [Journal Article]
DeMartino, R., & Barbato, R. (2003). Differences between women and men MBA entrepreneurs: exploring family flexibility and wealth creation as career motivators. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(6), 815-832. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9026(03)00003-x [Journal Article]
Gine, X., & Mansuri, G. (2019). Money or Management? A Field Experiment on Constraints to Entrepreneurship in Rural Pakistan. Economic Development and Cultural Change, https://doi.org/10.1086/707502 [Journal Article]
Jennings, J., & Brush, C. (2013). Research on Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the Broader Entrepreneurship Literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663-715. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2013.782190 [Journal Article]
McGowan, P., Redeker, C., Cooper, S., & Greenan, K. (2012). Female entrepreneurship and the management of business and domestic roles: Motivations, expectations and realities. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1-2), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2012.637351 [Journal Article]
Institutional Arrangements and Occupational Choice: Policy
Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2011). Institutions and female entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 37(4), 397-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9373-0 [Journal Article]
Feldmann, M., Lukes, M., & Uhlaner, L. (2020). Disentangling succession and entrepreneurship gender gaps: gender norms, culture, and family. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00430-z [Journal Article]
Field, E., Jayachandran, S., & Pande, R. (2010). Do Traditional Institutions Constrain Female Entrepreneurship? A Field Experiment on Business Training in India. American Economic Review, 100(2), 125-129. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.2.125 [Journal Article]
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