The ongoing Russia-Ukraine War (RUW) has revealed significant vulnerabilities in the economies of Egypt and Kenya, particularly among women. Gender disparities in employment, income, and access to resources have intensified as a result of economic shocks stemming from the conflict. Local research conducted by Davalos et al. (2024) indicates that tailored policies are crucial for mitigating these effects and advancing gender equality in both countries.
Economic vulnerabilities and labour market disparities
Both Egypt and Kenya have experienced economic disruptions due to their reliance on imports and volatile global markets. Egypt's dependence on cereals and oilseeds has resulted in heightened food insecurity, while Kenya faces rising production costs driven by fuel and fertilizer imports. Women, particularly those in agriculture and informal sectors, are disproportionately affected by these challenges.
Additionally, women in Egypt face higher unemployment rates and lower labour market participation compared to men, exacerbating existing inequalities. In Kenya, where women predominantly work in agriculture, the rising costs of production are deepening economic hardship.
Poverty levels have increased in both Egypt and Kenya due to RUW shocks, with women in poorer income groups bearing the brunt of the impact. While Kenya's overall poverty headcount is higher, Egypt's poverty gap and severity indices show more pronounced effects.
Food security for women has deteriorated significantly, with limited access to essential resources worsening their socioeconomic status.
Policies and gender-specific recommendations
While Egypt’s food subsidies and Kenya’s fuel subsidies have provided some relief, they fail to adequately address the unique challenges faced by women. Gender-targeted policies, such as cash transfers for households led by or including poor women, have demonstrated stronger impacts on reducing poverty and improving household consumption.
The research underscores the need for inclusive economic strategies to address the unique vulnerabilities of women and promote sustainable development.
Find out more about the research methods, findings, and policy recommendations in the following PEP publications:
